mughal empire dbq
Image via Freemanpedia. . 13 0 obj [55] In contrast to Akbar, Jahangir came into conflict with non-Muslim religious leaders, notably the Sikh guru Arjan, whose execution was the first of many conflicts between the Mughal empire and the Sikh community. [170][171] Muzaffar Alam argues that the Mughals used Persian purposefully as the vehicle of an overarching Indo-Persian political culture, to unite their diverse empire. However, the dispensation of justice also depended on other factors, such as administrative rules, local customs, and political convenience. Such officials included the kotwal (local police), the faujdar (an officer controlling multiple districts and troops of soldiers), and the most powerful, the subahdar (provincial governor). 1.s?+B!S8"Se6J(]9Klq-cd-Q &1a:^%86 "cO =Ey12gGce`s"b&v kN5=$',`BLCJF1'Lb0rdH\Zh+L; The preoccupation with wars and military campaigns, however, did not allow the new emperor to consolidate the gains he had made in India. [36][37] Nevertheless, Babur's ancestors were sharply distinguished from the classical Mongols insofar as they were oriented towards Persian rather than Turco-Mongol culture. He replaced the tribute system, previously common in India and used by Tokugawa Japan at the time, with a monetary tax system based on a uniform currency. be . [85][83] Parganas were the basic administrative unit of the Mughal empire. [9], The largest manufacturing industry in the Mughal Empire was textile manufacturing, particularly cotton textile manufacturing, which included the production of piece goods, calicos, and muslins, available unbleached and in a variety of colours. [43] Jahangir distinguished himself from Akbar by making substantial efforts to gain the support of the Islamic religious establishment. What additional sources would help you answer this question? From 1450-1750 both the Mughal and Ottoman Empires established large functioning bureaucracies, with the establishment of religiously tolerant policies. After a crushing defeat in the war of 18571858 which he nominally led, the last Mughal, Bahadur Shah Zafar, was deposed by the British East India Company and exiled in 1858. To earn this point, the response must relate the topic of the prompt to broader . Describe about the crises faced by the Mughal in the last of 17th century. Jahan's selection of white marble and the overall concept and design of the mausoleum give the building great power and majesty. The establishment of a Hindu Marathi Empire in southern India cut off the Mughal state to the south. [185][186] In the 17th century, the Mughal Empire saw a synthesis between Islamic and Hindu astronomy, where Islamic observational instruments were combined with Hindu computational techniques. [146] By 1700, Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people, larger than British India's urban population of 22.3 million in 1871. [115] However, in a system where wealth was hoarded by elites, wages were depressed for manual labour. Trademark Directory, https://www.kaptest.com/study/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AP-World-History-Modern-Sample-Document-Based-Question.jpg, http://wpapp.kaptest.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/kaplan_logo_purple_726-4.png. The Europeans regarded Bengal as the richest place for trade. Many of the empire's elites now sought to control their own affairs, and broke away to form independent kingdoms. Bengali farmers rapidly learned techniques of mulberry cultivation and sericulture, establishing Bengal Subah as a major silk-producing region of the world. [90], After Aurangzeb, the Mughal capital definitively became the walled city of Shahjahanabad (today Old Delhi). [145], Under Akbar's reign in 1600, the Mughal Empire's urban population was up to 17 million people, 15% of the empire's total population. Document 3. %PDF-1.3 Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [29] Among the Mughal UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South Asia are: Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, Lahore Fort, Shalamar Gardens and the Taj Mahal, which is described as "the jewel of Muslim art in India, and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage. This product was used in my history class at our homeschool co-op and was very useful. G\s)ku.c}vZUIcgJ1(G7/pi N#hRPgZd\vEry\TSIS leZbseA$^-+ebk iGAVox/xN_<>xgs8Fc,*^sm(7w+>/Dl*BoSC`~)4qd"?&X*gGwR-8o{H@8=lsb`}Sw 9-XVIK(c 'sons-in-law'). endobj Political and religious climates of the Muslim Empires in 1450-1750 were tense, however religious tolerance can be seen in the Mughal and Ottoman Empires. hbbd``b`vI@ `+>@B!8cRH4;@ Je If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info . National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. [98][140] By the time of Aurangzeb's reign, there were a total of 455,698 villages in the Mughal Empire.[142]. [72] The British East India Company took control of the former Mughal province of Bengal-Bihar in 1793 after it abolished local rule (Nizamat) that lasted until 1858, marking the beginning of British colonial era over the Indian subcontinent. Reaching Iran in 1544, Humyn was granted military aid by Shah ahmsp and went on to conquer Kandahr (1545) and to seize Kabul three times from his own disloyal brother, Kmrn, the final time being in 1550. Hyder Ali's father Fatah Muhammad the constable at Budikote, commanded a corps consisting of 50 rocketmen (Cushoon) for the Nawab of Arcot. By describing this potential threat to the emperor, the document hints at the potential for outsiders to take advantage of the political instability, as indeed the British merchants extended their economic influence into political control. I was happy with the purchase. In both the Inca Empire and the Mughal Empire, rulers used religion to help reinforce their rule. Student Analysis Document 5 Source: Dr. Franois ernier, French traveler and foreign employee of the Mughal emperor, who also lived for years in Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, and India, from his book about his experiences, - . Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. He established himself in Kabul and then pushed steadily southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass. endobj When Afghan risings turned him to the east, he had to fight, among others, the joint forces of the Afghans and the sultan of Bengal in 1529 at Ghaghara, near Varanasi. `RW -v7yE|!%M,iD"H.E a9/ &zD{ob[S^L{V*0s uC!su4$A-D3xc`GA$P4)U>J-}}=H=nea^}^TsY7&;// yA%. [27] There was more conspicuous consumption among the Mughal elite,[28] resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture, especially during the reign of Shah Jahan. [147], Those estimates were criticised by Tim Dyson, who consider them exaggerations. Under Aurangzeb, the Mughal empire reached the peak of its military power, but the rule was unstable. Key industries included textiles, shipbuilding, and steel. [139][pageneeded]. During Aurangzeb's reign (1658-1707), the economy of the Mughal Empire began to decline. The Mughal dynasty was notable for its more than two centuries of effective . The Mughal qadi was responsible for dispensing justice; this included settling disputes, judging people for crimes, and dealing with inheritances and orphans. In both locations, the Spanish essentially destroyed the empires and installed their own political systems, with viceroys who served under the Spanish crown and a hierarchical class system that gave preference to those of European ancestry. A further distinction was the attempt of the Mughals, who were Muslims, to integrate Hindus and Muslims into a united Indian state. Compared to Britain, the price of grain was about one-half in South India and one-third in Bengal, in terms of silver coinage. The use of mines and counter-mines with explosive charges of gunpowder is mentioned for the times of Akbar and Jahangir. Finally came a series of violent political feuds over control of the throne. Subas were subdivided into administrative units known as sarkars, which were further divided into groups of villages known as parganas. [181], In the sixteenth century, Akbar was the first to initiate and use metal cylinder rockets known as bans, particularly against war elephants, during the Battle of Sanbal. Practice sourcing with HIPP acronym using documents from the 2019 DBQ and write body paragraphs with a pair of documents to include sourcing (identifying point of view, purpose, historical situation, . Rose through Religious tolerance, meritocracy in military, Commerce. e'e-i}R4PRXq$56/^;'L?g1,TXx@#]27*/s\x%2apd0b4.hsyYh:g}@3 'm0),* d&V9p# BAmtZf&T # *82X! <>>> [citation needed] Humayun's triumphant return from Persia in 1555 restored Mughal rule in some parts of India, but he died in an accident the next year. Babur the first Mughal Emperor, was a descendent of Genghis Khan and Tamerlaine. [9] [87] Sometimes this was necessitated by political and military demands, but shifts also occurred for ideological reasons (for example, Akbar's establishment of Fatehpur Sikri), or even simply because the cost of establishing a new capital was marginal. 7 0 obj stream M (,5655V63|PE:x_BxTZBri ar@+t3%h't?CYjdG(/&GHv#D 2xJ``}@$dEiC5}1"}ON!022J2j,1}CQjcw2JX&L-LfZJJ%J(K (7X/Fp0)5f`r!=1+*u]L!B6*,4v*{690d:(4.Dzbq5 QH!Bd\ Historians have offered numerous explanations for the rapid collapse of the Mughal Empire between 1707 and 1720, after a century of growth and prosperity. A Marxist school (led by Irfan Habib and based at Aligarh Muslim University) emphasises excessive exploitation of the peasantry by the rich, which stripped away the will and the means to support the regime. Hyder Ali realised the importance of rockets and introduced advanced versions of metal cylinder rockets. hVp 7pw~"\8NZ9IqetfB-4 N/'^Jug:i+&ljaT)0'C AdQ,/2JM,9&yd3dY(+r 5&gfWd*4_0fhha=w_p],tW^ZC|p7"~l`SaSENm5oF[EdVPsxV 15.Explain how Sikhism developed in relation to the Mughal Empire. His tomb in Delhi, built several years after his death, is the first of the great Mughal architectural masterpieces; it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1993. In 1719 alone, four emperors successively ascended the throne",[43] as figureheads under the rule of a brotherhood of nobles belonging to an Indian Muslim caste known as the Sadaat-e-Bara, whose leaders, the Sayyid Brothers, became the de-facto sovereigns of the empire. Short but sweet: Unit 3 and 4 focus on the growth of empires both across the Atlantic in the Americas and in Afro-Eurasia, so the major comparison would be in the type or style of government. The Influence of Islam on India at the Mughal Era Changing is one of the most realistic rule in the life. Sample AP World History Document-Based Questions. <> Later, the Mysorean rockets were upgraded versions of Mughal rockets used during the Siege of Jinji by the progeny of the Nawab of Arcot. [citation needed] He created a new ruling elite loyal to him, implemented a modern administration, and encouraged cultural developments. Shah Jahan extended the Mughal empire to the Deccan by ending the Nizam Shahi dynasty, and forced the Adil Shahis and Qutb Shahis to pay tribute. [172] Persian had a profound impact on the languages of South Asia; one such language, today known as Urdu, developed in the imperial capital of Delhi in the late Mughal era. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [131], Mughal India had a large shipbuilding industry, which was also largely centred in the Bengal province. [61] With the support of the Islamic orthodoxy, however, a younger son of Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb (r.16581707), seized the throne. 4, pp. Call 1-800-KAP-TEST or email customer.care@kaplan.com, Contact Us that his empire, called the Mughal Empire, embraced religious tolerance, subsequent leaders differed in their embrace of different religions. Another ministry was dedicated to the imperial household and public works. Arab Empire Dbq. If you would like an editable version of the DBQ, please send me an email to the address in the PDF. The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur, the grandson of Timur and Genghiz Khan. DBQ on Gunpowder Empires Question: Based on the following documents, discuss and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the Ottomans, Safavid, and Mughal empires by 1700. He created a new ruling elite loyal to him, implemented a modern administration, political. By elites, wages were depressed for manual labour a descendent of Genghis Khan and Tamerlaine and. 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