redshift wlm query

Some of the queries might consume more cluster resources, affecting the performance of other queries. Check your workload management (WLM) configuration. resources. Each Why is this happening? table displays the metrics for currently running queries. match, but dba12 doesn't match. The limit includes the default queue, but doesnt include the reserved Superuser queue. Thanks for letting us know this page needs work. If you add or remove query queues or change any of the static properties, you must restart your cluster before any WLM parameter changes, including changes to dynamic properties, take effect. to 50,000 milliseconds as shown in the following JSON snippet. The gist is that Redshift allows you to set the amount of memory that every query should have available when it runs. and query groups to a queue either individually or by using Unix shellstyle In this section, we review the results in more detail. metrics are distinct from the metrics stored in the STV_QUERY_METRICS and STL_QUERY_METRICS system tables.). To verify whether your query was aborted by an internal error, check the STL_ERROR entries: Sometimes queries are aborted because of an ASSERT error. Thanks for letting us know we're doing a good job! If you do not already have these set up, go to Amazon Redshift Getting Started Guide and Amazon Redshift RSQL. A query can abort in Amazon Redshift for the following reasons: To prevent your query from being aborted, consider the following approaches: You can create WLM query monitoring rules (QMRs) to define metrics-based performance boundaries for your queues. query queue configuration, Section 3: Routing queries to data, whether the queries run on the main cluster or on a concurrency scaling cluster. Abort Log the action and cancel the query. Implementing automatic WLM. or by using wildcards. WLM also gives us permission to divide overall memory of cluster between the queues. is segment_execution_time > 10. . Note: Users can terminate only their own session. This metric is defined at the segment How do I troubleshoot cluster or query performance issues in Amazon Redshift? management. From a user perspective, a user-accessible service class and a queue are functionally . you adddba_*to the list of user groups for a queue, any user-run query workloads so that short, fast-running queries won't get stuck in queues behind Amazon Redshift Auto WLM doesnt require you to define the memory utilization or concurrency for queues. STL_CONNECTION_LOG records authentication attempts and network connections or disconnections. WLM queues. One of our main innovations is adaptive concurrency. If youre using manual WLM with your Amazon Redshift clusters, we recommend using Auto WLM to take advantage of its benefits. The following table summarizes the synthesized workload components. To define a query monitoring rule, you specify the following elements: A rule name Rule names must be unique within the WLM configuration. A good starting point The goal when using WLM is, a query that runs in a short time won't get stuck behind a long-running and time-consuming query. maximum total concurrency level for all user-defined queues (not including the Superuser If the concurrency or percent of memory to use are changed, Amazon Redshift transitions to the new configuration dynamically so that currently running queries are not affected by the change. Use the Log action when you want to only metrics and examples of values for different metrics, see Query monitoring metrics for Amazon Redshift following in this section. Check for conflicts with networking components, such as inbound on-premises firewall settings, outbound security group rules, or outbound network access control list (network ACL) rules. intended for quick, simple queries, you might use a lower number. We also see more and more data science and machine learning (ML) workloads. With the release of Amazon Redshift Auto WLM with adaptive concurrency, Amazon Redshift can now dynamically predict and allocate the amount of memory to queries needed to run optimally. Note: WLM concurrency level is different from the number of concurrent user connections that can be made to a cluster. If your query ID is listed in the output, then increase the time limit in the WLM QMR parameter. Raj Sett is a Database Engineer at Amazon Redshift. less-intensive queries, such as reports. Resolution Assigning priorities to a queue To manage your workload using automatic WLM, perform the following steps: action per query per rule. is no set limit to the number of query groups that can be assigned to a queue. might create a rule that cancels queries that run for more than 60 seconds. Amazon Redshift creates a new rule with a set of predicates and The shortest queries were categorized as DASHBOARD, medium ones as REPORT, and longest-running queries were marked as the DATASCIENCE group. Maintain your data hygiene. When currently executing queries use more than the Thanks for letting us know this page needs work. (service class). automatic WLM. Amazon Redshift WLM creates query queues at runtime according to service classes, which define the configuration parameters for various types of queues, including internal system queues and user-accessible queues. There are eight queues in automatic WLM. For example, the query might wait to be parsed or rewritten, wait on a lock, wait for a spot in the WLM queue, hit the return stage, or hop to another queue. If the action is hop and the query is routed to another queue, the rules for the new queue dba?1, then user groups named dba11 and dba21 This allows for higher concurrency of light queries and more resources for intensive queries. WLM creates at most one log per query, per rule. How do I use automatic WLM to manage my workload in Amazon Redshift? Thus, if Amazon Redshift Auto WLM doesn't require you to define the memory utilization or concurrency for queues. How do I detect and release locks in Amazon Redshift? 3.FSP(Optional) If you are using manual WLM, then determine how the memory is distributed between the slot counts. The following chart shows the average response time of each query (lower is better). If a read query reaches the timeout limit for its current WLM queue, or if there's a query monitoring rule that specifies a hop action, then the query is pushed to the next WLM queue. Currently, the default for clusters using the default parameter group is to use automatic WLM. You can also specify that actions that Amazon Redshift should take when a query exceeds the WLM time limits. select * from stv_wlm_service_class_config where service_class = 14; https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/cm-c-wlm-queue-assignment-rules.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/cm-c-executing-queries.html. same period, WLM initiates the most severe actionabort, then hop, then log. We're sorry we let you down. To track poorly For a given metric, the performance threshold is tracked either at the query level or query monitoring rules, Creating or modifying a query monitoring rule using the console, Configuring Parameter Values Using the AWS CLI, Properties in An action If more than one rule is triggered, WLM chooses the rule be assigned to a queue. The default queue uses 10% of the memory allocation with a queue concurrency level of 5. How do I create and prioritize query queues in my Amazon Redshift cluster? But we recommend instead that you define an equivalent query monitoring rule that All rights reserved. long-running queries. The following chart visualizes these results. Amazon Redshift supports the following WLM configurations: To prioritize your queries, choose the WLM configuration that best fits your use case. However, if you need multiple WLM queues, level. It exports data from a source cluster to a location on S3, and all data is encrypted with Amazon Key Management Service. Configuring Parameter Values Using the AWS CLI in the with the most severe action. For more information about the WLM timeout behavior, see Properties for the wlm_json_configuration parameter. Assigning queries to queues based on user groups. From a user perspective, a user-accessible service class and a queue are functionally equivalent. When the num_query_tasks (concurrency) and query_working_mem (dynamic memory percentage) columns become equal in target values, the transition is complete. When lighter queries (such as inserts, deletes, scans, The following example shows queues based on user groups and query groups, Section 4: Using wlm_query_slot_count to So large data warehouse systems have multiple queues to streamline the resources for those specific workloads. In Amazon Redshift, you associate a parameter group with each cluster that you create. When queries requiring Each rule includes up to three conditions, or predicates, and one action. The model continuously receives feedback about prediction accuracy and adapts for future runs. In this modified benchmark test, the set of 22 TPC-H queries was broken down into three categories based on the run timings. For some systems, you might Our initial release of Auto WLM in 2019 greatly improved the out-of-the-box experience and throughput for the majority of customers. To confirm whether a query was aborted because a corresponding session was terminated, check the SVL_TERMINATE logs: Sometimes queries are aborted because of underlying network issues. You should reserve this queue for troubleshooting purposes How does Amazon Redshift give you a consistent experience for each of your workloads? Automatic WLM queries use The size of data in Amazon S3, in MB, scanned by an Amazon Redshift available system RAM, the query execution engine writes intermediate results If all the predicates for any rule are met, the associated action is triggered. Gaurav Saxena is a software engineer on the Amazon Redshift query processing team. Understanding Amazon Redshift Automatic WLM and Query Priorities. You can assign a set of user groups to a queue by specifying each user group name or eight queues. You can have up to 25 rules per queue, and the time doesn't include time spent waiting in a queue. Thanks for letting us know we're doing a good job! management. To verify whether network issues are causing your query to abort, check the STL_CONNECTION_LOG entries: The I/O skew occurs when one node slice has a much higher I/O values are 01,048,575. Amazon Redshift Management Guide. monitor rule, Query monitoring Because it correctly estimated the query runtime memory requirements, Auto WLM configuration was able to reduce the runtime spill of temporary blocks to disk. For example, for a queue dedicated to short running queries, you might create a rule that cancels queries that run for more than 60 seconds. Valid In Amazon Redshift workload management (WLM), query monitoring rules define metrics-based performance boundaries for WLM queues and specify what action to take when a query goes beyond those boundaries. you might include a rule that finds queries returning a high row count. Our average concurrency increased by 20%, allowing approximately 15,000 more queries per week now. Amazon Redshift workload management (WLM) enables users to flexibly manage priorities within workloads so that short, fast-running queries wont get stuck in queues behind long-running queries. In the WLM configuration, the memory_percent_to_use represents the actual amount of working memory, assigned to the service class. When you enable SQA, your total WLM query slot count, or concurrency, across all user-defined queues must be 15 or fewer. Automatic WLM determines the amount of resources that product). instead of using WLM timeout. configuring them for different workloads. WLM is part of parameter group configuration. sampling errors, include segment execution time in your rules. Why did my query abort in Amazon Redshift? Your users see the most current monitor the query. There How do I troubleshoot cluster or query performance issues in Amazon Redshift? The WLM evaluates metrics every 10 seconds. More and more queries completed in a shorter amount of time with Auto WLM. The SVL_QUERY_METRICS When a user runs a query, Redshift routes each query to a queue. The hop action is not supported with the query_queue_time predicate. High disk usage when writing intermediate results. How does WLM allocation work and when should I use it? CPU usage for all slices. Electronic Arts uses Amazon Redshift to gather player insights and has immediately benefited from the new Amazon Redshift Auto WLM. query to a query group. threshold values for defining query monitoring rules. Please refer to your browser's Help pages for instructions. A query group is simply a query to a query group. Today, Amazon Redshift has both automatic and manual configuration types. With automatic workload management (WLM), Amazon Redshift manages query concurrency and memory allocation. This metric is defined at the segment various service classes (queues). Please refer to your browser's Help pages for instructions. Each queue gets a percentage of the cluster's total memory, distributed across "slots". If the query doesn't match a queue definition, then the query is canceled. such as max_io_skew and max_query_cpu_usage_percent. To solve this problem, we use WLM so that we can create separate queues for short queries and for long queries. If a user is logged in as a superuser and runs a query in the query group labeled superuser, the query is assigned to the Superuser queue. default of 1 billion rows. Amazon Redshift operates in a queuing model, and offers a key feature in the form of the . The SVL_QUERY_METRICS_SUMMARY view shows the maximum values of (These Change priority (only available with automatic WLM) Change the priority of a query. The template uses a Lists queries that are being tracked by WLM. Contains the current state of query tasks. Thanks for letting us know this page needs work. A unit of concurrency (slot) is created on the fly by the predictor with the estimated amount of memory required, and the query is scheduled to run. management. in Amazon Redshift. To prioritize your workload in Amazon Redshift using manual WLM, perform the following steps: How do I create and prioritize query queues in my Amazon Redshift cluster? We noted that manual and Auto WLM had similar response times for COPY, but Auto WLM made a significant boost to the DATASCIENCE, REPORT, and DASHBOARD query response times, which resulted in a high throughput for DASHBOARD queries (frequent short queries). A query can abort in Amazon Redshift for the following reasons: Setup of Amazon Redshift workload management (WLM) query monitoring rules Statement timeout value ABORT, CANCEL, or TERMINATE requests Network issues Cluster maintenance upgrades Internal processing errors ASSERT errors We're sorry we let you down. Example 2: No available queues for the query to be hopped. Response time is runtime + queue wait time. configure the following for each query queue: You can define the relative The following diagram shows how a query moves through the Amazon Redshift query run path to take advantage of the improvements of Auto WLM with adaptive concurrency. capacity when you need it to process an increase in concurrent read and write queries. An increase in CPU utilization can depend on factors such as cluster workload, skewed and unsorted data, or leader node tasks. When querying STV_RECENTS, starttime is the time the query entered the cluster, not the time that the query begins to run. Defining a query For more information about SQA, see Working with short query To avoid or reduce sampling errors, include. If you've got a moment, please tell us what we did right so we can do more of it. Mohammad Rezaur Rahman is a software engineer on the Amazon Redshift query processing team. You can define up to 25 rules for each queue, with a limit of 25 rules for He is passionate about optimizing workload and collaborating with customers to get the best out of Redshift. rate than the other slices. The How do I use and manage Amazon Redshift WLM memory allocation? At runtime, you can assign the query group label to a series of queries. Queries can also be aborted when a user cancels or terminates a corresponding process (where the query is being run). populates the predicates with default values. For more information about unallocated memory management, see WLM memory percent to use. The following chart shows the throughput (queries per hour) gain (automatic throughput) over manual (higher is better). greater. By default, Amazon Redshift has two queues available for queries: one process one query at a time. that run for more than 60 seconds. For example, frequent data loads run alongside business-critical dashboard queries and complex transformation jobs. Use the following query to check the service class configuration for Amazon Redshift WLM: Queue 1 has a slot count of 2 and the memory allocated for each slot (or node) is 522 MB. templates, Configuring Workload You can also use WLM dynamic configuration properties to adjust to changing workloads. WLM defines how those queries are routed to the queues. I have a solid understanding of current and upcoming technological trends in infrastructure, middleware, BI tools, front-end tools, and various programming languages such . The STL_ERROR table records internal processing errors generated by Amazon Redshift. values are 01,048,575. Connecting from outside of Amazon EC2 firewall timeout issue, Amazon Redshift concurrency scaling - How much time it takes to complete scaling and setting threshold to trigger it, AWS RedShift: Concurrency scaling not adding clusters during spike, Redshift out of memory when running query. How can I schedule queries for an Amazon Redshift cluster? As a starting point, a skew of 1.30 (1.3 times A Snowflake jobban tmogatja a JSON-alap fggvnyeket s lekrdezseket, mint a Redshift. A nested loop join might indicate an incomplete join When a statement timeout is exceeded, then queries submitted during the session are aborted with the following error message: To verify whether a query was aborted because of a statement timeout, run following query: Statement timeouts can also be set in the cluster parameter group. With automatic workload management (WLM), Amazon Redshift manages query concurrency and memory Change your query priorities. The STL_ERROR table doesn't record SQL errors or messages. For more information about query planning, see Query planning and execution workflow. Console. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/cm-c-wlm-query-monitoring-rules.html. If the query doesnt match any other queue definition, the query is canceled. The pattern matching is case-insensitive. Note that Amazon Redshift allocates memory from the shared resource pool in your cluster. large amounts of resources are in the system (for example, hash joins between large Click here to return to Amazon Web Services homepage, definition and workload scripts for the benchmark, 16 dashboard queries running every 2 seconds, 6 report queries running every 15 minutes, 4 data science queries running every 30 minutes, 3 COPY jobs every hour loading TPC-H 100 GB data on to TPC-H 3 T. 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. The statement_timeout value is the maximum amount of time that a query can run before Amazon Redshift terminates it. Possible rule actions are log, hop, and abort, as discussed following. The service can temporarily give this unallocated memory to a queue that requests additional memory for processing. Using Amazon Redshift with other services, Implementing workload predicate consists of a metric, a comparison condition (=, <, or Its a synthetic read/write mixed workload using TPC-H 3T and TPC-H 100 GB datasets to mimic real-world workloads like ad hoc queries for business analysis. Paul is passionate about helping customers leverage their data to gain insights and make critical business decisions. When you enable automatic WLM, Amazon Redshift automatically determines how resources are allocated to each query. Note: It's a best practice to test automatic WLM on existing queries or workloads before moving the configuration to production. workload for Amazon Redshift: The following table lists the IDs assigned to service classes. queue) is 50. If a scheduled maintenance occurs while a query is running, then the query is terminated and rolled back, requiring a cluster reboot. Reserved for maintenance activities run by Amazon Redshift. Over the past 12 months, we worked closely with those customers to enhance Auto WLM technology with the goal of improving performance beyond the highly tuned manual configuration. Javascript is disabled or is unavailable in your browser. Queries can be prioritized according to user group, query group, and query assignment rules. (CTAS) statements and read-only queries, such as SELECT statements. The rules in a given queue apply only to queries running in that queue. WLM can try to limit the amount of time a query runs on the CPU but it really doesn't control the process scheduler, the OS does. If the Amazon Redshift cluster has a good mixture of workloads and they dont overlap with each other 100% of the time, Auto WLM can use those underutilized resources and provide better performance for other queues. By default, an Amazon Redshift cluster comes with one queue and five slots. However, if your CPU usage impacts your query time, then consider the following approaches: Review your Redshift cluster workload. Also, overlap of these workloads can occur throughout a typical day. The terms queue and In principle, this means that a small query will get a small . specified for a queue and inherited by all queries associated with the queue. Paul Lappasis a Principal Product Manager at Amazon Redshift. For more information, see Connecting from outside of Amazon EC2 firewall timeout issue. EA has more than 300 million registered players around the world. The return to the leader node from the compute nodes, The return to the client from the leader node. Amazon Redshift has implemented an advanced ML predictor to predict the resource utilization and runtime for each query. Any that queue. You use the task ID to track a query in the system tables. In Amazon Redshift workload management (WLM), query monitoring rules define metrics-based 300 million registered players around the world using Unix shellstyle in this section we... The STL_ERROR table does n't include time spent waiting in a queue in. My Amazon Redshift user connections that can be made to a query, Redshift each. How those queries are routed to the leader node tasks run timings Rezaur. Table records internal processing errors generated by Amazon Redshift manages query concurrency and memory your... Dashboard queries and complex transformation jobs working memory, assigned to the can... Segment how do I troubleshoot cluster or query performance issues in Amazon Redshift cluster comes with queue. Parameter group with each cluster that you define an equivalent query monitoring rule all. It to process an increase in CPU utilization can depend on factors as... Factors such as cluster workload to each query this problem, we instead! Records authentication attempts and network connections or disconnections for an Amazon Redshift Auto doesn! Short query to avoid or reduce sampling errors, include your query time, hop! Long queries and one action configuration types resources that product ) when you need to. Principal product Manager at Amazon Redshift RSQL troubleshoot cluster or query performance in... You should reserve this queue for troubleshooting purposes how does WLM allocation work and when should use... Continuously receives feedback about prediction accuracy and adapts for future runs these workloads can occur throughout typical... Being run ) the template uses a Lists queries that are being tracked by WLM creates at most one per. Get a small query will get a small of its benefits to your browser Help... Wlm with your Amazon Redshift Auto WLM being tracked by WLM the maximum amount of working memory, to. You should reserve this queue for troubleshooting purposes how does WLM allocation work and when should use! Redshift should take when a query group label to a location on S3, and all data is encrypted Amazon! Metric is defined at the segment how do I create and prioritize query queues in my Redshift! Lists queries that are being tracked by WLM between the slot counts manages concurrency... Every query should have available when it runs troubleshooting purposes how does WLM allocation work when. Predicates, and one action the reserved Superuser queue a Principal product Manager Amazon. Typical day means that a query exceeds the WLM configuration that best fits your use case working... Eight queues immediately benefited from the metrics stored in the system tables. ) for each query gist is Redshift... Workload using automatic WLM, Amazon Redshift has both automatic and manual configuration types utilization or concurrency, all! Supported with the most current redshift wlm query the query is terminated and rolled back, requiring a.! Gain insights and make critical business decisions an equivalent query monitoring rule that finds queries returning a row... Memory Change your query priorities set of 22 TPC-H queries was broken down into three categories on... To set the amount of working memory, assigned to service classes ( queues.. From a user perspective, a user-accessible service class and a queue to your! Automatically determines how resources are allocated to each query Arts uses Amazon Redshift WLM memory allocation with queue. Run before Amazon Redshift query processing team a user-accessible service class and a queue Redshift give you consistent! Utilization or concurrency, across all user-defined queues must be 15 or fewer queries per now! By specifying each user group name or eight queues configuring parameter Values using the AWS CLI the. Include segment execution time in your cluster is terminated and rolled back, requiring a cluster you to define memory! Resources are allocated to each query to be hopped before Amazon Redshift query processing team concurrency memory. Complex transformation jobs ; t require you to define the memory utilization or concurrency, across all user-defined queues be... Groups that can be prioritized according to user group name or eight.. Can be made to a queue either individually or by using Unix shellstyle in modified. Columns become equal in target Values, the query begins to run experience for each query as shown in WLM! Prioritize your queries, such as cluster workload, skewed and unsorted data, or predicates, and query that! Do more of it timeout behavior, see Connecting from outside of Amazon EC2 timeout. Tracked by WLM Values using the default queue uses 10 % of the queries consume. And prioritize query queues in my Amazon Redshift query processing team and the time that the query doesnt any... ( lower is better ) cluster between the slot counts the metrics stored the... Different from the number of concurrent user connections that can be prioritized according to user group name or eight.! Instead that you define an equivalent query monitoring rule that cancels queries that for! By Amazon Redshift typical day time does n't match a queue metrics distinct! Started Guide and Amazon Redshift to gather player insights and has immediately benefited the. Queues ) use WLM dynamic configuration Properties to adjust to changing workloads when a user perspective, user-accessible! Gives us permission to divide overall memory of cluster between the queues configuration types ( queries per hour ) (. Problem, we review the results in more detail I detect and release locks in Amazon Redshift has two available! Queries use more than 60 seconds table records internal processing errors generated by Amazon Redshift should take when a group... Benefited from the metrics stored in the following chart shows the throughput ( per. Terminates it target Values, the return to the service class concurrency increased 20! Adapts for future runs if you 've got a moment, please tell us what we did so! Already have these set up, go to Amazon Redshift give you a consistent experience each... Concurrency and memory Change your query time, then hop, then determine how the memory utilization or concurrency queues... Client from the shared resource pool in your browser 's Help pages for instructions about,. Rolled back, requiring a cluster reboot we recommend instead that you define an equivalent query monitoring rules metrics-based! Did right so we can create separate queues for the wlm_json_configuration parameter limit in the following chart shows the (... For more information about the WLM timeout behavior, see query planning and execution workflow,.. Monitoring rule that finds queries returning a high row count Arts uses Amazon Redshift give a! Release locks in Amazon Redshift terminates it rights reserved more data science and learning... Group label to a queue allocation work and when should I use automatic WLM existing! Occur throughout a typical day million registered players around the world manage my in. Hop action is not supported with the query_queue_time predicate than 300 million registered players the... That we redshift wlm query do more of it service classes you associate a parameter group is simply a query, routes. Shows the average response time of each query ( lower is better.. Log per query, Redshift routes each query ( lower is better ) changing workloads define the allocation... Represents the actual amount of resources that product ) for an Amazon Redshift query processing team return the... Are functionally query in the output, then hop, then increase the that... Alongside business-critical dashboard queries and complex transformation jobs your Amazon Redshift use WLM dynamic configuration Properties to to! Three conditions, or predicates, and offers a Key feature in the output, then log of Amazon firewall... Of each query and STL_QUERY_METRICS system tables. ) queue either individually or by Unix. Insights and has immediately benefited from the shared resource pool in redshift wlm query browser 's pages. Assign the query doesnt match any other queue definition, the set of groups! At the segment how do I troubleshoot cluster or query performance issues in Redshift... By all queries associated with the most severe actionabort, then the query also see more and more queries hour. Attempts and network connections or disconnections ; t require you to set the amount of working memory assigned... Unavailable in your cluster the system tables. ) the leader node from the shared resource pool your! For future runs data to gain insights and make redshift wlm query business decisions multiple... Throughput ) over manual ( higher is better ) current monitor the query is being run ) troubleshooting how. The SVL_QUERY_METRICS when a user perspective, a user-accessible service class and a queue multiple WLM queues,.. Queries completed in a queuing model, and one action query exceeds WLM... Spent waiting in a queue are functionally has more than the thanks for letting us this... For example, frequent data loads run alongside business-critical dashboard queries and complex transformation jobs at Amazon manages! And manage Amazon Redshift has implemented an advanced redshift wlm query predictor to predict the resource utilization runtime! The time the query entered the cluster, not the time the query to a by. Between the slot counts individually or by using Unix shellstyle in this section, we using... Existing queries or workloads before moving the configuration to production troubleshoot cluster or query performance issues in Redshift. The slot counts helping customers leverage their data to gain insights and make critical business decisions to! Affecting the performance of other queries, overlap of these workloads can occur throughout a typical day lower is ). The slot counts user connections that can be assigned to a queue the compute nodes, the parameter... More of it memory management, see Connecting from outside of Amazon EC2 timeout. Queues available for queries: one process one query at a time begins to run us know 're... Take advantage of its benefits //docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/cm-c-wlm-queue-assignment-rules.html, https: //docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/cm-c-executing-queries.html capacity when you it...

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