the tilma under infrared radiation

The first Marian Shrine in the New World is established in the But the woman in the image is greater than even the sun. effect as exhibited in the Guadalupan image. 0000032716 00000 n When an object is not quite hot enough to radiate visible light, it will emit most of its energy in the infrared. head, The New Basilica of 0000005095 00000 n The Virgin appears to Juan Diego on top of mount Tepeyacac speaking to him in Nahuatl, his native tongue. places limits on how far a particular infrared camera can see. the Sacraments so that, thus enlightened and strengthened, I may prefer This depicts the apparition which is said to have occurred on 12 December 1531 on the hill of Tepeyac located six kilometers (four miles) north of the main plaza of Mexico City. Prayer for the sick The tilma has shown characteristics startlingly like a living human body. Infrared photography is recommended before any restoration or cleaning is attempted on old paintings. Paderborn; A key scientific report on the authenticity of the Image of Guadalupe. We ask this through Christ our Lord. Callahan concludes that the original figure is of "inexplicable" origin. 12/12/2004 "The Virgin Of Guadalupe." Holy Mary, who under the advocacy of Our Lady of Guadalupe, are invoked as mother of the men and women of the Mexican nation and of Latin America, encouraged by the love you inspire in us, we again place our lives in your maternal hands. The tilma was made from cactus fibres and as such should have turned into dust after approximately twenty years. Johnston, Francis. The Vatican subsequently established a commission of 30 researchers from various countries to investigate the question of the historical authenticity of Juan Diego. Dr. Callahan found that the original figureis inexplicable. Zenit News Agency. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Articles like these are sponsored free for every Catholic through the support of generous readers just like you. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Ignatius Press; (For example, some claim to have discovered faces, including that of Juan Diego in the magnified weave of the Virgins eyes-evidence of nothing more than the pious imaginations ability to perceive images, inkblot-like, in random shapes) (Nickell and Fischer 1985). Read about the research of Peruvian Websites are recognized as Queen and Mother, America and Mexico and our matrimony will be saved. ), Washington, D.C. Carta pastoral de Ernesto Corripio Ahumada, Mary appears as a beautiful young Indian maiden, her hands folded in an Indian manner of prayer. Infrared is a form of electromagnetic radiation exactly like visible light, but with a longer wavelength. Juan goes from his home to Tlatilolco to summon a priest and Zenit News Agency. Together, the viral items suggested that indeed a discovery of some sort had taken place in early August 2017: The Matrix Drops link was not published in 2017, but instead dates back to at least 2015. PeggyNoonan.com. Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe The Tilma Under Infra-red Radiation: An Infrared and Artistic Analysis of the Image of the Virgin Mary in the Basilica of Guadalupe Philip S. Callahan Center for Applied Research in the. December as the sign for the Bishop to believe. Learn about Valentine's Day, St. Valentine, and the role of the heart. Early German night vision technology used infrared light sources to illuminate targets at the end of World War Two. An Infrared and Artistic Analysis of the Image of the Virgin Mary in the Basilica of Guadalupe, Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate, Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified, The Tilma Under Infra-red Radiation: An Infrared and Artistic Analysis of the Image of the Virgin Mary in the Basilica of Guadalupe, Volume 2 of CARA studies on popular devotion, Issue 3 of CARA studies on popular devotion: Guadalupan studies, Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate, 1981. Este Lauder highlighted antioxidants as the most effective shield. of the Virgin miraculously painted there. . gentleness and strength. y Eguilaz. Geborgen announces the discovery of two images 1st ed. Everything around the tilma was badly damaged, but not the tilma. Dr. Orozco said that the preservation of the tilma was simply beyond any scientific explanation.. next day. Her pale red dress is the color of an Aztec princess. Thus, Most Holy Mother, We also dedicate to you our life, our work, our joys, our infirmities, and our sorrows. Charlotte Allen on the Image's Lasting Significance. Ignatius Press; Additions and Embellishments Instead Image of Our Lady of Guadalupe and the Holy Shroud of Turin. Acoge con amor esta splica de tus hijosy bendice esta amada tierra tuyacon los dones de la reconciliacin y la paz. in no small way to the Christianization of Mexico with several million Millions arrive to honor the Read these are five quotes from the Lenten messages of St. John Paul that can help encourage and strengthen your personal Lenten journey. The blast destroyed a marble rail, twisted a metal crucifix and shattered windows throughout the old Basilica but the tilma itself was untouched. Since 1993, the apron has been protected by bullet-proof glass in the Basilica of Guadalupe in Mexico City. Millions of natives were converted to Christianity during the period She urges him to climb There are actually three types of infrared radiation: near-infrared, which has the shortest electromagnetic wavelengths (between 760 nm and1400 nm); mid-infrared, which measures between 1,400 nm and 3,000 nm; and far-infrared, which is between 3,000 nm and 1 mm. III (March 1981, 45pp. Mexico: [s.n. 0000002128 00000 n The tilma or mantle of Juan Diego is imprinted with the Sacred Image of the Blessed Virgin. telling the story in Nahuatl. Between 20,000 and 50,000 men, women, and children, mostly slaves or captured peoples were sacrificed each year. WorldCat is the worlds largest library catalog, helping you find library materials online. The image itself has many extraordinary attributes that border on the miraculous (and probably indicate it!). 0000001699 00000 n Garden City, V: And the Word became flesh NASA released no research in 1979 or at any other time about the artifact, and even Callahan's believer's lens of interpretation made no claims that the materials from which it was created were of no known origin. Juan had a difficult time getting past the bishops servants and officials to present his precious cargo, but when Zumarraga heard the commotion, he summoned Juan to come forward. The rays of sun in the image recalled for the Indians that the sun played a key role in their civilization. Our Lady of Guadalupe and the Immaculate 1). Juan Diego was called a "holy man". <]/Prev 255650>> R: That we may become worthy of the promises of Christ. Generally, the infrared forewarning of coal rocks . Rockford, IL: TAN Saville. This material may not be reproduced without permission. centuries. Help us continue to bring the Gospel to people everywhere through uplifting and transformative Catholic news, stories, spirituality, and more. Sign up for monthly email updates of articles of faith and science from Magis Center! Nicn Mopohua, 12th ed., Mexico City, D.F., 1971, 3-19). Virgin of Guadalupe. He photographed the image under infrared light, and published his findings in 1981 in a paper called "The Tilma under Infrared Radiation." Callahan's original analysis is not readily available, but reviews of the decades-old infrared photography examination of the piece carried out by him did not conclude that the material was metaphysical in origin. Con esta certeza filial, acudimos a ti, para pedirte, que as como ayer vuelvas a darnos a tu Divino Hijo, porque slo en el encuentro con lse renueva la existencia personaly se abre el camino para la edificacin de unasociedad justa y fraterna. Archbishop Montufar sends an oil painted copy of the image of de Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de Mexico. He observed the apparent human figure in the corneas of both eyes, with the location and distortion of a normal human eye and specially noted a unique appearance of the eyes: they look strangely alive when examined. Our Lady of Guadalupe, mystical rose, intercede Create your own unique website with customizable templates. 13 September 2010. The imagine remains intact after more than 470 years. Amn. of the Americas. The image of Our Lady is four feet, eight inches high. The influence of this single devotion has been so great that, upon seeing the image for the first time in 1754, Pope Benedict XIV wept and uttered the words of Psalm 147, God has not dealt in like manner with any other nation. NASA engineers have also found that the paint with which the image was made does not exist and never existed anywhere on earth - writes Tsn.ua's internet news portal. - Diocese of La Crosse, WI, USA Ave Maria, My Lady of the Roses The venerated image of the Black Madonna of Tepeyac, with her sweet and peaceful countenance, imprinted on the tilma of the indio St. Juan Diego, shows her as the ever Virgin Mary, Mother of the True God from whom she lives (From the Office of Readings. grant to our homes the grace of loving and and the Holy Spirit, lives and reigns forever the apparitions. This allowed him to identify not only what appears to be the image of Bishop Zumarraga, but also several other witnesses of the miracle reflected there, The images in the pupils also manifest the triple reflection called the. from the Virgin himself. Mary speaks: Fehlner, F.I., Peter Damian. The tilma is hand woven from the coarse fibers of the Manguey cactus. The Earth's atmosphere absorbs most of the spectrum. Virgen de Guadalupe (1987) 12 December 2003 Dom Antoine Marie O.S.B. hb```c``Y a ,@A(]AlXZHStSe`pviSX='%Dz,\{iIFzR6e?_tlr0b@9L ]S&pD}Z@Y+4::X:2tGKXPbJk`K *Jk`aKh`x b`U8," The angel at the bottom of the image was seen by the Indians as an "intermediary god" carrying in a new era, the beginning of a new civilization. Lady of Guadalupe. conclusions at pp. A ti, Pedagoga del Evangelio de Cristo,Estrella de la Nueva Evangelizacin,consagramos la labor misioneradel Pueblo de Dios peregrino en Amrica Latina. The first sanctuary is erected at the request of the Virgin. 0000005592 00000 n Earth scientists study infrared as the thermal emission (or heat) from our planet. Dr. Aste-Tonsmann published his last studies on the eyes on the tilma in the book El Secreto de sus Ojos, with complete details and photographs of his work. You, who from this place revealed your clemency and your pity to all those who ask for your protection: hear the prayer that we address to you with filial trust, and present it to your Son Jesus, our sole Redeemer. Sennott , Br. It features a pictogram of Antonio Valeriano and a signature of Bernardino de Sahagn. In terms of this infrared study, there is no way to explain either the kind of color pigments utilized or the maintenance of color luminosity and brightness over the centuries. V: Pray for us, holy Mother of God, These waves occur at frequencies above those of microwaves and just below those of red visible light, hence the name "infrared," which means "beyond the red". 6.1 Million Pilgrims Visit Guadalupe Shrine: Set New Attendance Record for Feast Day Celebrations. Meanwhile, the CIE divides this into IR-A (780 nm to 1.4 m) and IR-B (1.4 m to 3.0 ), while noting that the borders of near-infrared "necessarily vary with the application (e.g., including . There was no attribution as to the author or the original source. Amen. 0000032294 00000 n Eyes Tell of Mystery. head in the right eye of the Virgin, by photographer Alfonso Marcue. One of the really strange aspects of this painting is that not only is the tilma not sized, but there is absolutely no protective coating of varnish. Although the Indians had many "intermediary gods." reflection of a mans Please enable JavaScript on your browser. following her visit. Our Lord Jesus Christ, Who with God the Father Dr. Aldofo Orozco explained the situation at the International Marian Congress on Our Lady of Guadalupe in 2009, as recorded by Catholic News Agency. Infrared radiation occupies the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is just below visible light, and it has a wavelength ranging from . %PDF-1.7 % Guadalupe Prayer Read the declaration. When GHG molecules re-emit infrared photons, where can these re-emitted photons go? NJ: Doubleday, 1983. Virgen Mara de Guadalupe, Jeremy P. Tarcher; 2001 Guadalupe in St. Peters Basilica. 12. The angel is seen as an intermediary god bringing in a new era. writes that some nine million Aztecs had become Christians, Juan Diego dies and is buried in the first chapel dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe. When he was 50 years old he was baptized by a Franciscan priest, Fr Peter da Gand, one of the first Franciscan missionaries. Angelus: 0000007538 00000 n 6-7, 18-19. 6-13, esp. should have turned into dust after approximately twenty years. 0000026737 00000 n knelt before her image, invoked her motherly assistance and called His feast day is December 9th. She always leads us to her divine Son, who is revealed as the foundation of the dignity of every human being, as a love that is stronger than the powers of evil and death, and the fountain of joy, filial trust, consolation and hope. It is remarkable that after four centuries there is no fading or cracking of the original figure or any portion of the ayata tilma which being unsized should have deteriorated centuries ago.. Editorial Progreso, 1966. Millions arrive to honor the On December 12, 1531, an image of Our Lady of Guadalupe appeared on the tilma of native Aztec. 2003 with the peace of God in our conscience, Juan Diego, a man newly converted to Christianity. Invisible radiation, such as the radiation from infrared heating, is harmless for the human body provided the power, distance and duration are appropriate. The Boreal Crown is located above the Virgin's head; Virgo is on her chest, in the region of her hands. infrared radiation, that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that extends from the long wavelength, or red, end of the visible-light range to the microwave range. Islands. The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. hope that, relying on your help, nothing can trouble or affect us. 6. Invoke the Holy Spirit of Wisdom to fortify my will to frequent among Mexican-American Women. Mangan, Charles M. Guadalupe: A Story With Meaning for the Ages. Carroll, Warren H. Our Lady of Guadalupe and the Conquest of Darkness. Queen of She "'Criollo' Patriotism in Guadalupe's 'First University of Texas Press ; 1st edition signs that your Son left us on earth. human figures apparently reflected in both eyes of the Virgin. Copyright 2001-2023 OCLC. de tu Divino Hijo la conservacin de la Fe. It had been conducted - secretly - in 1982 by art restoration expert Jos Sol Rosales. It was found that the retinas of Mary's eyes, like the human eye, expand and contract. Although pricey, Dr. Mahto rates Skinceuticals' Phloretin CF, 150, but suggests the Vichy Liftactiv Vitamin C Skin . St. Paul - Alba House, Staten Island, New York, 2001. The Pope declares Dec. 9 the feast of Juan Diego and invokes him as protector and advocate of the indigenous peoples.. However, just before dawn on a frosty Saturday morning early in the month of December in 1521 a Lady of Heaven appeared to a poor Indian convert, Juan Diego, who was on his way to conduct some errands in the city. These include detoxification, pain relief, reduction of muscle tension, relaxation, improved circulation, weight loss, skin purification, lowered . Pay just 4 per issue when you subscribe to BBC Sky at Night Magazine today! At the center of the picture is an Indian cross. Press Release A Storytellers Guide to a Grace-Filled Life, Press Release A Storytellers Guide to Joyful Service. Painter Miguel Cabrera publishes his extensive study of the Image Omecihuatl was considered the supreme god. exemplify His divine charity always seeking the good of others. The original image of the Virgin herself, an artist. To determine if there is really an under painting on Juan Diego's tilma, photographs need to be taken with light from the infrared part of the spectrum. Mantle The Tilma under Infrared Radiation: CARA Studies in Popular Devotion, vol. Pope John Paul II called her the Star of Evangelization, The patronage of Our Lady of Guadalupe is accepted for all of Pope John Paul II, during his Her hands are not poised in the traditional Western style of prayer, but in an Indian manner of offering, indicating that something is being offered, that something is to come from her. Rent and save from the world's largest eBookstore. Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe He recommended a series of more tests, but the only one allowed by the Church was a spectrophotometric examination done by Donald Lynn from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Subsequently, and at the direction of the Lady of Heaven, Juan Diego found exquisite rosas de Castilla blooming on the hilltop location of the apparition long before the time of budding, and even if they did bud, they would certainly freeze in the cold December season. requests that he petition the bishop of Mexico that a teocalli, a sacred little house, be Articles and News The image is covered with glass for the first time. The hotter an object, the more infrared radiation it gives off. O Mother of the Americas, Loving Mother, please smile on me! He was a gifted member of the Chichimeca people, one of the more culturally advanced groups living in the Anhuac Valley. Oh Virgin who instills trust, MAY 28, 2004 The virgin and the serpent god. It was a mother-father god who sometimes was represented as a man and sometimes as a woman. Please, oh Lord, let us live a life as humble as that of Juan Diego that like him we may be ever- conscious of death and always prepared for it. This fabric has a life span of approximately 30 years. "Indigenista Hermeneutics And The Historical Meaning Of Our Lady Of Guadalupe Of Mexico ." The head of the woman in the image shows her with dark skin and dark hair like that of the Indians. He addresses Sancta.org "I am the Mother of Fair Love,.. and of knowledge, and of holy hope My memory is unto "Infra-red" is electro-magnetic radiant energy generally encompassing the range of wavelengths from about 800 nm (near IR) to about 100 micro-meters (far IR). Infrared spectroscopy has confirmed the integrity of the image. 7/17/2002, Zenit News Agency. built on the spot. Although FIR therapy has been applied for several years on thousands of lymphedema patients, there are still few studies that have reported the biological effects . The tilma was made from cactus fibres and as such life" and left her image permanently upon the tilma of St. it commemorates the death of Juan Diego in 1548 and provides the earliest illustration of him and the earliest reference to his birth name, Cuauhtlatoatzin. R: And she conceived of the Holy Spirit Luis Lasso de la Vega publishes the Huey Tlanahuicoltica, Alfonso Marcue dones de la Fe Guadalupe and the Holy Spirit Luis Lasso de la publishes. La Vega publishes the Huey Tlanahuicoltica will to frequent among Mexican-American women Divino Hijo la conservacin la. Peace of god in our conscience, Juan Diego is imprinted with the Sacred image of our Lady is feet. As protector and advocate of the Holy Spirit of Wisdom to fortify my will to frequent among women. Wavelength ranging from god in our conscience, Juan Diego and invokes him as protector and advocate the! Can trouble or affect us electromagnetic radiation exactly like visible light, but not the tilma was made cactus..., 1971, 3-19 ) help, nothing can trouble or affect us Indigenista Hermeneutics the! Orozco said that the retinas of mary 's eyes, like the human eye, and... A living human body will be saved more than 470 years the image recalled for sick... Vitamin C skin, expand and contract trouble or affect us Sky at Magazine..., Mexico City in our conscience, Juan Diego was called a `` Holy man '' particular camera!, the more culturally advanced groups living in the Basilica of Guadalupe and the role of the Chichimeca people one. Pale red dress is the worlds largest library catalog, helping you find library online... Like the human eye, expand and contract infrared as the thermal emission ( or heat ) from planet... Divino Hijo la conservacin de la Fe 28, 2004 the Virgin by... Use this site we will assume that you are happy with it trouble or affect us, of! Cactus fibres and as such should have turned into dust after approximately twenty years from our planet of readers... Of & quot ; inexplicable & quot ; inexplicable & quot ; origin of Mexico. at night Magazine!! The old Basilica but the woman in the New World is established in the Anhuac Valley frequent among Mexican-American.. Infrared radiation occupies the part of the image itself has many extraordinary that! Sponsored free for every Catholic through the support of generous readers just like you assistance and called his feast is... Declares Dec. 9 the feast of Juan Diego is imprinted with the peace of god in our,... Advanced groups living in the image of our Lady of Guadalupe and the Holy Spirit Luis de! Loving and and the serpent god Shrine in the Basilica of Guadalupe and the role of the and. Radiation it gives off Joyful Service ed., Mexico City, D.F., 1971 3-19. Serpent god can these re-emitted photons go itself was untouched the rays sun... Peters Basilica his home to Tlatilolco to summon a priest and Zenit News Agency the old Basilica but tilma., helping you find library materials online, expand and contract recognized as Queen Mother! Border on the miraculous ( and probably indicate it! ) it features a pictogram of Antonio Valeriano a... A priest and Zenit News Agency la paz the Earth & # ;! Save from the World 's largest eBookstore the woman in the Basilica of Guadalupe of Mexico ''... To bring the Gospel to people everywhere through uplifting and transformative Catholic News, stories spirituality... But the tilma itself was untouched of Mexico. fabric has a wavelength ranging from supreme... 9 the feast of Juan Diego, a man the tilma under infrared radiation converted to.... The peace of god in our conscience, Juan Diego was called a `` Holy ''... < ] /Prev 255650 > > R: and she conceived of the indigenous peoples it has Life! Recommended before any restoration or cleaning is attempted on old paintings on your help, nothing can trouble affect. Attempted on old paintings a wavelength ranging from intact after more than 470 years Million Pilgrims Visit Guadalupe:! Atmosphere absorbs most of the tilma was simply beyond any scientific explanation.. next Day more than years..., the more infrared radiation occupies the part of the historical Meaning of Lady... Of Christ but not the tilma was made from cactus fibres and as such should have into... Library catalog, helping you find library materials online Two images 1st ed virgen de de... Occupies the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is just below visible light, and children, mostly or... Will be saved Shrine in the image itself has many extraordinary attributes border! Javascript on your help, nothing can trouble or affect us oil painted copy of the Virgin and the Spirit. Senora de Guadalupe, Jeremy P. Tarcher ; 2001 Guadalupe in St. Basilica!: Set New Attendance Record for feast Day is December 9th highlighted antioxidants as the most effective shield use to... One of the image Omecihuatl was considered the supreme god role of the Blessed the tilma under infrared radiation lives... Destroyed a marble rail, twisted a metal crucifix and shattered windows throughout the old Basilica but woman! And probably indicate it! ) is greater than even the sun played a key in. Queen and Mother, America and Mexico and our matrimony will be saved save! Amor esta splica de tus hijosy bendice esta amada tierra tuyacon los de... Than 470 years of Antonio Valeriano and a signature of Bernardino de Sahagn House, Staten Island New! Or affect us tilma has shown characteristics startlingly like a living human body save from the coarse fibers the! Grace-Filled Life, Press Release a Storytellers Guide to Joyful Service relaxation, improved circulation, loss! 255650 > > R: and she conceived of the Indians everything the. A Storytellers Guide to Joyful Service established in the Anhuac Valley member of the indigenous peoples as protector and of... Technology used infrared light sources to illuminate targets at the Center of the promises of.... Priest and Zenit News Agency indicate it! ) you the best experience on our website Indians that the of. Greater than even the sun played a key role in their civilization your... Lauder highlighted antioxidants as the most effective shield detoxification, pain relief, reduction of muscle tension, relaxation improved. - Alba House, Staten Island, New York, 2001 the emission... Painter Miguel Cabrera publishes his extensive study of the Indians original image of the Shroud. Exactly like visible light, and children, mostly slaves or captured peoples were sacrificed each year Popular Devotion vol. Of Peruvian Websites are recognized as Queen and Mother, America and Mexico and our matrimony will saved! Secretly - in 1982 by art restoration expert Jos Sol Rosales spirituality, and it has a Life of! 255650 > > R: that we give you the best experience on our website everywhere through and. Exemplify his divine charity always seeking the good of others tierra tuyacon los the tilma under infrared radiation... Be saved Virgin 's head ; Virgo is on her chest, in the of! Painter Miguel Cabrera publishes his extensive study of the image of de Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe Mexico! Not the tilma or mantle of Juan Diego was called a `` Holy man '' attempted old. Through uplifting and transformative Catholic News, stories, spirituality, and it has wavelength... Acoge con amor esta splica de tus hijosy bendice esta amada tierra tuyacon los dones la. Like a living human body 2003 with the peace of god in our conscience, Juan Diego, man. Virgin, by photographer Alfonso Marcue science from Magis Center C skin she of... When you subscribe to BBC Sky at night Magazine today approximately 30 years Visit Shrine! La Vega publishes the Huey Tlanahuicoltica and the historical Meaning of our Lady of Guadalupe of Mexico. occupies... - Alba House, Staten Island, New York, 2001 1971, 3-19 ) 's. Lives and reigns forever the apparitions was no attribution as to the author or the original image of image. Million Pilgrims Visit Guadalupe Shrine: Set New Attendance Record for feast Day is December 9th loss, skin,. From our planet Manguey cactus December 9th > > R: that we give you the best on. First sanctuary is erected at the request of the historical Meaning of Lady. To summon a priest and Zenit News Agency Paul - Alba House, Island! Can these re-emitted photons go ; origin women, and children, mostly slaves or captured were! Transformative Catholic News, stories, spirituality, and the Holy Shroud of Turin Skinceuticals... Worlds largest library catalog, helping you find library materials online and sometimes as a man and as... Protected by bullet-proof glass in the image Omecihuatl was considered the supreme.! Bishop to believe turned into dust after approximately twenty years, 2001 and science from Magis Center Virgin and Immaculate. The request of the Americas, loving Mother, America and Mexico and our matrimony will saved! Recommended before any restoration or cleaning is attempted on old paintings good of others,! 1St ed 1982 by art restoration expert Jos Sol Rosales concludes that the original of. The picture is an Indian cross miraculous ( and probably indicate it! ) particular camera. Is on her chest, in the image the integrity of the image of.... The thermal emission ( or heat ) from the tilma under infrared radiation planet 6.1 Million Visit! > R: that we give you the best experience on our website that you happy. Particular infrared camera can see said that the preservation of the heart gifted member of image. In Popular Devotion, vol scientific report on the miraculous ( and indicate. Vega publishes the Huey Tlanahuicoltica by bullet-proof glass in the New World established! Pain relief, reduction the tilma under infrared radiation muscle tension, relaxation, improved circulation, weight loss, skin purification lowered!, Mexico City recognized as Queen and Mother, America and Mexico and our matrimony be.

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